尿道感染通常是細菌從尿道進入膀胱或腎臟所引起,較常見於女性,症狀包括排尿時疼痛或有燒灼感、頻尿、腹部壓痛、惡臭或尿液混濁、發燒和發冷、噁心、嘔吐等。
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治療學[]
- sulfa drug
- trimethoprim:可以治療無併發症的尿道感染(uncomplicated urinary tract infection)
- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole:治療無併發症的尿道感染(uncomplicated urinary tract infection)的drug of choice
- flouroquinolone
- fosphomycin
- urinary conc. of fosphomycin is high, thus can be used to treat UTI, and is approved to be used as a single 3-g dose for treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women.
- safe to be used in pregnancy
- aminopenicillins are given orally to treat urinary tract infections, sinusitis, otitis, and lower respiratory tract infections.
- ampicillin for empirical therapy of UTI, meningitis, and typhoid fever.
- Pseudomonal infection outside the urinary tract才可以用antipseudomonal penicillins
- First generation cephalosporin 的urine concentration is high
- urine concentration of First generation cephalosporin is high, thus it can be used in UTI, for staphylococcal, or for streptococcal infections including cellulitis(蜂窩性組織炎) or soft tissue abscess.
- third generation cephalosporin-cefixime:given orally 200 mg twice daily or 400 mg once daily for resperatory or urinary tract infection
- Tigecycline: because it is bilinary excretion,it may not active to UTI
- clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an Aminoglycosides or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wound of abdomen and the gut; infections oringinating in the female genital tract.