Mycobacterium

翻譯[]

第一線藥物:isoniazid, rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethumbutol( or streptomycin )
第二線藥物:
streptomycin: most vestibulotoxic, use as second-line agent in combination therapy for treatment of turberculosis
amikacin: gentamicin-resistant G(-),tobramycin-resistant G(-), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis including streptomycin-resistant one often susceptable to it.
- dose is 7.5~15 mg/kg/d as a once daily dosing or 2~3 times weekly injection.
Aminoglycoside-capreomycin:second-line agent of tuberculosis
Aminoglycoside are in combination with vancomycin or a penicillins for endocarditis, and for treatment of tuberculosis

streptomycin對atypical mycobacterial infections無效，但是amikacin對MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex, 及禽結核分枝桿菌)有效
- 肯沙氏分枝桿菌:Isoniazid+rifampin+ethambutal
- 及禽結核分枝桿菌:macrolide+ethambutal。rifapentine、refabutin、amikacin
- 及禽結核分枝桿菌 with AIDS:refabutin、amikacin
- nontuberculous mycobacterial infections (eg, Mycobacterium marinum海魚分枝桿菌)
clarithromycin: spectrum is almost the same to erythromycin except that it is more active against MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex, 及禽結核分枝桿菌) than erythromycin. It also is active against Toxoplasma gondii
azithromycin: 15-member heterocyclic ring， it also active against MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex, 及禽結核分枝桿菌). It also is active against Toxoplasma gondii

leprosy分成lepromatous(痲瘋結節型)和tuberculoid(結核病狀型)
sulfones:drug of leprosy
- dapsone
rifampin
clofazimine: alternative to dapsone。 it given to sulfone-resistant leprosy or when patients are intolerant to sulfones.